paper 150318183605

Abstract

Fractal geometries are found attractive to designers seeking for compact size mi- crowave circuits and antennas. In this paper, Peano fractal based open-loop resonators are adopted to design dual-band microstrip band-stop filters (PSFs). The suggested filter structure is essentially based on that of the conventional open-loop rectangular microstrip resonators. The resonators of the proposed PSF structure are made in the form of Peano fractal geometry with different iteration levels. Many filters have been modeled, and their performances have been eval- uated using a commercially available full-wave electromagnetic simulator. Each of the modeled filter structures contains two pairs of open loop fractal based resonators with different iteration levels. The lower frequency band-stop performance is attributed to the resonators with higher iteration level while the higher frequency band-stop performance is due to the resonators with lower iteration level. Simulation results for the proposed microstrip filters have confirmed the validity to realize compact dual-band narrow-stopband microstrip filters. A comparative study implies that higher size reduction of the realized filter has taken place as the iteration level of the fractal microstrip open-loop resonators becomes higher. The results presented show that the fractal-based resonators can be used to construct compact narrow-stopband filters suitable for a wide variety of the recently available communication applications.

1. Cohen, Nathan, Fractal antenna and fractal resonator primer, 207–228, February 2015.
doi:10.1142/9789814366076_0008 Google Scholar

2. Weng, Min‐Hang, Der‐Sun Lee, Ru‐Yuan Yang, Hung‐Wei Wu, and Chia‐Ling Liu, "A Sierpinski fractal‐based dual‐mode bandpass filter," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 50, No. 9, 2287–2289, June 2008.
doi:10.1002/mop.23641 Google Scholar

3. Weng, Min‐Hang, Ling‐Sheng Jang, and Wei‐Yu Chen, "A Sierpinski‐based resonator applied for low loss and miniaturized bandpass filters," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 51, No. 2, 411–413, December 2008.
doi:10.1002/mop.24061 Google Scholar

4. Mezaal, Yaqeen S., Halil T. Eyyuboğlu, and Jawad K. Ali, "New Microstrip Bandpass Filter Designs Based on Stepped Impedance Hilbert Fractal Resonators," IETE Journal of Research, Vol. 60, No. 3, 257–264, May 2014.
doi:10.1080/03772063.2014.922018 Google Scholar

5. Mezaal, Y.S., J.K. Ali, and H.T. Eyyuboglu, "Miniaturised microstrip bandpass filters based on Moore fractal geometry," International Journal of Electronics, Vol. 102, No. 8, 1306–1319, October 2014.
doi:10.1080/00207217.2014.971351 Google Scholar

6. Ali, Jawad K. and J. K., "A new miniaturized fractal bandpass filter based on dual-mode microstrip square ring resonator," 2008 5th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, 1–5, July 2008.
doi:10.1109/ssd.2008.4632887 Google Scholar

7. Ali, J. K. and N. N. Hussain, "A new fractal microstrip bandpass filter design based on dualmode square ring resonator for wireless communication systems," Iraqi Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 5, No. 1, 7-14, 2009. Google Scholar

8. Ali, J. K. and N. N. Hussain, "An extra reduced size dual-mode bandpass filter for wireless communication systems," PIERS Proceedings, 1467–1470, Suzhou, China, Sep. 2011. Google Scholar

9. Liu, Ji-Chyun, Hsin-Hsiang Liu, Kuan-Dih Yeh, Chin-Yen Liu, Bing-Hao Zeng, and Chih-Chiang Chen, "MINIATURIZED DUAL-MODE RESONATORS WITH MINKOWSKI-ISLAND-BASED FRACTAL PATCH FOR WLAN DUAL-BAND SYSTEMS," The Electromagnetics Academy, Vol. 26, 229–243, 2012.
doi:10.2528/pierc11111502 Google Scholar

10. Alqaisy, Mushtaq, Chandan Chakrabraty, Jawad Ali, and Adam R.H. Alhawari, "A miniature fractal-based dual-mode dual-band microstrip bandpass filter design," International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Vol. 7, No. 2, 127–133, April 2014.
doi:10.1017/s1759078714000622 Google Scholar

11. LALBAKHSH, Ali, Abbas Ali LOTFI NEYESTANAK, and Mohammad NASER-MOGHADDASI, "Microstrip Hairpin Bandpass Filter Using Modified Minkowski Fractal-Shape for Suppression of Second Harmonic," IEICE Transactions on Electronics, Vol. E95-C, No. 3, 378–381, 2012.
doi:10.1587/transele.e95.c.378 Google Scholar

12. Ali, Jawad K. and Yakeen S. Miz’el, "A new miniature Peano fractal-based bandpass filter design with 2nd harmonic suppression," 2009 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications, 1019–1022, October 2009.
doi:10.1109/mape.2009.5355854 Google Scholar

13. Ali, Jawad K. and Yakeen S. Miz’el, "A new miniature Peano fractal-based bandpass filter design with 2nd harmonic suppression," 1019–1022, October 2009.
doi:10.1109/mape.2009.5355854 Google Scholar

14. Ali, J. K.H. Alsaedi and M. F. Hasan and H. A. Hammas, "A Peano fractal-based dual-mode microstrip bandpass filters for wireless communication systems," PIERS Proceedings, 888-892, Moscow, Russia, Aug 2012. Google Scholar

15. Mezaal, Yaqeen S., Halil T. Eyyuboglu, and Jawad K. Ali, "A new design of dual band microstrip bandpass filter based on Peano fractal geometry: Design and simulation results," 2013 13th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS), 1–4, September 2013.
doi:10.1109/mms.2013.6663140 Google Scholar

16. Ali, J. K. and and H. Alsaedi, "Second harmonic reduction of miniaturized dual-mode microstrip bandpass filters using fractal shaped open stub resonators," PIERS Proceedings, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mar. 27–30, 1266–1269, 2012. Google Scholar

17. Hong, J. S., Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Application, Wiley, New York, 2001. Google Scholar

18. Joubert, J. and IEE Proceedings on, "Spiral microstrip resonators for narrow-stopband filters,", Vol. 150, No. 6, 493, 2003.
doi:10.1049/ip-map:20031112 Google Scholar

19. IE3D User's Manual, Release 12. 3, Zeland Software, Inc., Fremont, CA, 2007. Google Scholar

Hayder S. Ahmed

Jawad Kadhim Ali

Ali J. Salim